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October 28, 2026CompoundingHHS lets 503A pharmacies compound six peptides under an interim enforcement discretion policyOctober 28, 2026Trial resultRetatrutide beats Ozempic on blood sugar and weight in head-to-head TRANSCEND-T2D-2 trialOctober 23, 2026FDA approvalFDA extends once-weekly insulin icodec (Awiqli) to children 10 and older with type 2 diabetesOctober 21, 2026CompoundingCitizen petition asks FDA not to allow compounding of seven peptides reviewed by its advisory committeeOctober 1, 2026Trial resultSurvodutide SYNCHRONIZE-2 phase 3 results in obesity with type 2 diabetes published in NEJMSeptember 30, 2026Trial resultEloraTZP (eloralintide plus tirzepatide) phase 2 results presented at EASD 2026September 30, 2026Trial resultOrforglipron ACHIEVE-4 cardiovascular safety trial published in The LancetSeptember 29, 2026Trial resultFull TRIUMPH-2 retatrutide results published in The LancetSeptember 24, 2026FDA approvalFDA approves insulin efsitora alfa (Onswik), a once-weekly basal insulin for type 2 diabetesSeptember 21, 2026WADAWADA publishes 2027 Prohibited List, naming peptides as examples of non-approved substances

October 28, 2026CompoundingHHS lets 503A pharmacies compound six peptides under an interim enforcement discretion policyOctober 28, 2026Trial resultRetatrutide beats Ozempic on blood sugar and weight in head-to-head TRANSCEND-T2D-2 trialOctober 23, 2026FDA approvalFDA extends once-weekly insulin icodec (Awiqli) to children 10 and older with type 2 diabetesOctober 21, 2026CompoundingCitizen petition asks FDA not to allow compounding of seven peptides reviewed by its advisory committeeOctober 1, 2026Trial resultSurvodutide SYNCHRONIZE-2 phase 3 results in obesity with type 2 diabetes published in NEJMSeptember 30, 2026Trial resultEloraTZP (eloralintide plus tirzepatide) phase 2 results presented at EASD 2026September 30, 2026Trial resultOrforglipron ACHIEVE-4 cardiovascular safety trial published in The LancetSeptember 29, 2026Trial resultFull TRIUMPH-2 retatrutide results published in The LancetSeptember 24, 2026FDA approvalFDA approves insulin efsitora alfa (Onswik), a once-weekly basal insulin for type 2 diabetesSeptember 21, 2026WADAWADA publishes 2027 Prohibited List, naming peptides as examples of non-approved substances

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Making peptides · Part 7: Freeze-drying

What freeze-drying does not protect against

Lesson 4.7.3 · 5 min read · Advanced plan

What you'll learn

Freeze-drying is not sterilization; open vials must be loaded under aseptic conditions, and the dryer itself must be sterilized.
Endotoxin is hard to remove once present and stays in the dried product.
Drying preserves whatever impurities were already there; it doesn't purify.
Freeze-dried peptides can still absorb moisture, which is why water content is part of stability testing.

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